Australia - a land of diverse and often extreme habitats, 澳大利亚-一个有着多种多样的栖息地的土地，
with vast expanses of wetlands, 湿地辽阔，
dense forests 茂密的森林
and arid plains. 和干旱的平原。
(Shrieking) （尖叫）
It's populated by an immense array of bird life. 这里居住着大量的鸟类。
and many species found nowhere else in the world. 许多物种在世界上其他地方都找不到。
Among them, some of the most flamboyant. 其中，一些最华丽的。
ear-splitting (Shrieks) 裂耳（尖叫）
and bizarre birds imaginable. 还有奇异的鸟。
Successful breeding is critical 成功的育种至关重要
to the survival of their species. 为了他们物种的生存。
They need to go to exceptional lengths 他们需要付出特别的努力
to find mates. 寻找伴侣。
and raise their young. 抚养他们的孩子。
giving the next generation the best chance of life. 给下一代最好的生活机会。
This is the story of breeding season. 这就是繁殖季节的故事。
For avian life, Australia is a paradise. 对于鸟类来说，澳大利亚是天堂。
There are more than 800 species of birds here. 这里有800多种鸟类。
(Squawking) （尖叫声）
And over 370 of these are only found in Australia. 其中370多只在澳大利亚发现。
But birds of a different feather 但羽毛不同的鸟
don't always flock together. 不要总是成群结队。
Some prefer to live in the rainforest, 有些人喜欢住在雨林里，
like the golden bowerbird, who builds 就像金色的园丁鸟
his U-shaped nest from twigs, 他用树枝做的U形巢，
in the hope of attracting a female. 希望能吸引一个女性。
The galah is part of the cockatoo family 加拉是凤头鹦鹉家族的一部分
and can be found in open country 在野外也能找到
across mainland Australia. 横跨澳大利亚大陆。
Some, like the Cape Barren goose, thrive by the seaside 有些，像角秃鹅，在海边茁壮成长
and can drink saltwater. 可以喝盐水。
And many share their environment with humans. 许多人与人类共享他们的环境。
But, wherever they live, 但是，无论他们住在哪里，
these birds have got their work cut out, 这些鸟已经停止工作了，
holding their territory against invaders. 控制他们的领土以抵抗侵略者。
attracting and winning partners. 吸引并赢得合作伙伴。
(Mating call) （交配叫声）
and safeguarding their chicks. 保护他们的小鸡。
Far North Queensland is famed for its beautiful beaches. 昆士兰州以其美丽的海滩而闻名。
And one stretch is named the Cassowary Coast. 其中一段叫做“砂锅海岸”。
because it's home to one of the planet's 因为它是地球上
most extraordinary-looking birds, the cassowary. 最特别的鸟，食火鸡。
This is a mature female. 这是一个成熟的女性。
Queensland becomes steamier and more tropical 昆士兰变得更热更热
as you head further north towards the equator. 当你朝着赤道再往北走。
And its lush rainforests are ideal habitat 它茂密的雨林是理想的栖息地
for the cassowary which thrives on forest fruits. 为了那些以森林水果为生的食火鸡。
Like the Australian emu and African ostrich, 像澳洲鸸鹋和非洲鸵鸟，
she's a ratite, or flightless bird. 她是一只平胸鸟，或是不会飞的鸟。
Her flat breastbone has no keel attachment 她平坦的胸骨没有龙骨连接
for wing muscles. 对于翅膀肌肉。
It's thought that ratites evolved 人们认为是鼠兔进化而来的
around 60 million years ago, in the Cretaceous period. 大约6000万年前，白垩纪。
And she certainly looks prehistoric. 而且她看起来确实是史前的。
She's solitary and usually wary of humans 她独来独往，通常对人类很警惕
and can be hard to find in the forest. 在森林里很难找到。
And she's huge. 她很高大。
Over six feet tall and weighing more than 100 pounds, 身高超过6英尺，体重超过100磅，
like all female cassowaries, 像所有的女食火鸡一样，
she's bigger and heavier than a male, 她比男人更大更重，
as well as more brightly colored. 以及更鲜艳的颜色。
In the dark, dense foliage of the jungle, 在茂密的丛林中，
the shock of electric blue on her throat, 她喉咙上的电蓝色电击，
the vivid turquoise around her head and eyes 她头上和眼睛周围的绿松石
and dramatic red wattle, 还有引人注目的红荆棘树，
all clearly identify her as a mature breeding female. 所有这些都清楚地表明她是一个成熟的繁殖雌性。
Comparatively little is known about this species. 对这个物种的了解相对较少。
There are several theories about the purpose 关于目的有几种理论
of the curious crest on her head, called a casque. 她头上那奇怪的徽章，叫做“棺材”。
Although it looks hard and horn-like, 虽然看起来很硬很象角，
it's actually leathery and pliable, 它实际上是皮革和柔韧，
formed by a keratin shell 由角蛋白壳形成的
growing over spongy cranial bones 长在海绵状颅骨上
and enclosing a mysterious empty chamber. 包围着一个神秘的空房间。
Cassowaries are omnivores and feed on fruit, beetles, 食火鸡是杂食动物，以水果、甲虫为食，
insects, snails and even carrion. 昆虫，蜗牛，甚至腐肉。
One theory is that the casque helps them forage, 一种说法是灵柩帮助它们觅食，
and serves as a helmet as they dig through 当他们挖洞的时候充当头盔
dense undergrowth. 茂密的灌木丛。
It may also protect the head from falling fruit, 它还可以保护头部不掉果子，
be used as a sound amplifier or even a weapon in disputes. 用作扩音器，甚至在争端中用作武器。
The casque continues to grow for life and could also 这只小木桶会继续生长，而且
advertise a bird's status and age. 宣传一只鸟的地位和年龄。
Like the cassowary herself, 就像食火鸡本身一样，
the casque remains steeped in mystery. 这只小木桶仍然充满了神秘感。
This female has a home range that overlaps 这只雌性有一个重叠的家
and passes through that of several males, 穿过几只雄性的，
who will each have their own territory 谁会有自己的地盘
of almost three square miles. 差不多三平方英里。
It's August, breeding season for this big bird, 现在是八月，这只大鸟的繁殖季节，
but she's already parted from her mate. 但她已经和她的伴侣分手了。
She recently paired up with this male and laid his eggs, 她最近和这只雄性配对产卵，
but that's the end of their time together. 但他们在一起的时间就这样结束了。
Female cassowaries don't raise their young. 母食火鸡不会抚养幼崽。
Instead, they leave it up to the male to incubate the eggs 相反，他们让雄性来孵化卵
and later on, care for the chicks. 以后，照顾小鸡。
She can have several partners 她可以有几个搭档
over a four-month breeding season 四个月的繁殖期
and she's already on the lookout for another mate. 她已经在寻找另一个伴侣了。
The cassowary isn't the only Australian bird to have 食火鸡并不是澳大利亚唯一拥有的鸟
parenting arrangements like this. 像这样的育儿安排。
This is a male brush-turkey. 这是一只雄性灌木丛火鸡。
He's part of the megapode family, 他是巨足动物家族的一员，
literally meaning "large foot". 字面意思是“大脚”。
He also lives in the rainforest, 他也住在雨林里，
in Cairns, far north Queensland. 在昆士兰北部的凯恩斯。
Brush-turkeys are very adaptable and can be found 灌木丛火鸡适应性很强，可以找到
all along the eastern coast of Australia. 沿着澳大利亚东海岸。
By September, springtime in Australia, 到了九月，澳大利亚的春天，
the brush-turkey is hard at work preparing a nest. 灌木丛火鸡正在努力工作准备筑巢。
He'll spend all day, every day, 他会整天，每天，
scratching around in one spot on the forest floor. 在森林地板上的一个地方乱抓乱画。
He may stop for a quick feed on insects. 他可能会停下来吃昆虫。
but then it's back to work. 但后来又开始工作了。
He piles up leaf litter, twigs and earth into a mound. 他把落叶、树枝和泥土堆成一个土堆。
This will play a vital part in his breeding strategy. 这将对他的育种策略起到至关重要的作用。
He rakes up the layer of debris on the forest floor 他把森林地面上的一层废墟耙起来
with his strong legs and large feet 他强壮的腿和大脚
and adds it to his little hillock. 把它加在他的小山丘上。
Then he turns over the existing pile 然后他把现有的一堆翻过来
again and again, breaking it down into a fine compost. 一次又一次，把它分解成一个好的堆肥。
If all goes to plan, this will become a warm nest. 如果一切按计划进行，这将成为一个温暖的窝。
He's an average size for a brush-turkey, 他和灌木丛火鸡一般大小，
around 26 inches long, 大约26英寸长，
but the mound he's obsessively working on 但他执著地工作的那个土墩
will end up being a whopping 13 feet wide 最终会有13英尺宽
and between three and six feet high. 三到六英尺高。
And it's got to be good. 一定是好的。
Females roam around selecting multiple partners 雌性在四处游荡，选择多个伴侣
and won't mate with him 不会和他交配
if his mound isn't up to their standards. 如果他的投手不符合他们的标准。
So a lot's riding on its meticulous construction. 所以很多都是靠它精心的建造。
The brush-turkey is a relatively common bird 灌木丛火鸡是一种比较常见的鸟类
and there are already several females in the vicinity, 附近已经有好几个女人了，
who have smaller, paler wattles. 他们有更小，更苍白的垂肉。
They're regularly checking out his progress 他们定期检查他的进展情况
and will wait until the mound is complete 一直等到土墩完成
before deciding whether to mate with him. 在决定是否和他交配之前。
But, right now, this brush-turkey 但是，现在，这个灌木丛火鸡
is only interested in one thing. 只对一件事感兴趣。
his mound. 他的土墩。
While he's still working on his masterpiece, 当他还在创作他的杰作时，
he doesn't want anyone near it, male or female, 他不想让任何人靠近它，不管是男是女，
and sends out a warning 发出警告
to any other brush-turkeys in the vicinity. 附近的任何其他灌木丛火鸡。
(Warning call) （警告电话）
Stay away! 远离！
In the elevated Atherton tablelands 在高地上的阿瑟顿高原
of Northern Queensland, higher and cooler 产于昆士兰州北部，海拔较高，温度较低
than their often sweltering surroundings, 比他们经常闷热的环境，
it's October and breeding time for a very exotic bird. 现在是十月，是一种非常奇特的鸟的繁殖期。
This is the Victoria's riflebird, 这是维多利亚的步枪鸟，
named after the British Queen, 以英国女王的名字命名，
but is known as the duwuduwu 但被称为杜无都
to the Aboriginal tribespeople. 给土著部落的人。
He's a bird-of-paradise. 他是一只天堂鸟。
A fairly small bird, at around ten inches long, 一种相当小的鸟，大约10英寸长，
he has an iridescent sheen to his feathers. 他的羽毛闪闪发光。
His breeding season can last up to six months, 他的繁殖期可以持续六个月，
so he's got to keep his strength up 所以他必须保持体力
by eating fruits and insects 吃水果和昆虫
he digs out of the bark of trees. 他从树皮里挖出来。
Snack over, it's time to get back to business, 吃完点心，该回去工作了，
attracting a mate. 吸引伴侣。
He's got a core area of between two to seven acres 他有两到七英亩的核心区域
where he spends most of his time. 他大部分时间都呆在那里。
Within that space, he selects a conspicuous vantage point, 在这个空间里，他选择了一个显著的有利位置，
like a tree stump, as his display area. 像树桩一样，作为他的展示区。
Having a good location to display in is all part of 有一个好的位置来展示是
his strategy to get the females interested. 他让女性感兴趣的策略。
So he's territorial over his posing post. 所以他对自己的姿势很有控制力。
Usually, his stage will be under a gap 通常情况下，他的舞台会有空隙
in the canopy cover, so that the sunlight can stream 在树冠盖上，这样阳光就可以流淌
a spotlight to reveal his glowing feathers 在聚光灯下露出他发光的羽毛
to their best advantage and then. 为了他们最好的利益。
(Mating call) （交配叫声）
he blasts out his mating call. 他发出求偶的叫声。
It's loud and unmistakable. 它响亮而无误。
This raspy cry is just to make sure 我只是想确认一下
he gets the attention of any female that might be nearby, 他会引起附近任何女性的注意，
before launching into his piece de resistance. 在开始他的作品《抵抗》之前。
It's a dramatic, full wingspread display, 这是一个戏剧性的，完整的翼展展示，
that shows as much of his plumage as possible. 尽可能多地展示他的羽毛。
Erecting his feathers 竖起羽毛
before throwing out his wings is part of the act. 在他伸出翅膀之前是这一幕的一部分。
And so is opening his beak wide 他的嘴也张开了
to show the bright yellow interior. 以显示亮黄色的内部。
He keeps going, 他一直在走，
hoping to pique the interest of a female. 希望激起女性的兴趣。
And, finally, he's graced with an audience. 最后，他赢得了观众的青睐。
Unlike the male with his glorious plumage, 不像雄鸟长着华丽的羽毛，
female riflebirds are a dull brown. 雌性步枪鸟是暗褐色的。
But after just a few seconds, 但几秒钟后，
she loses interest and flies off. 她失去了兴趣，飞走了。
It's thought the females may base their mating choices 据认为，雌性可能会根据交配选择
on quality of display, 在显示质量上，
so perhaps this male needs to brush up his skills. 所以也许这个男人需要提高他的技能。
(Mating call) （交配叫声）
While his display is impressive, 虽然他的表演令人印象深刻，
this is Australia, home of the fantastic, 这是澳大利亚，神奇的家园，
so there's another bird that can win a showing-off contest 所以还有另一只鸟可以在炫耀比赛中获胜
with the riflebird hands down. 步枪手放下。
The lyrebird. 七弦琴。
Lyrebirds live in temperate, often wet woodland 七叶树生活在温带潮湿的林地
in the coastal southeast of Australia. 在澳大利亚东南沿海。
This one has made his home in a forest outside Melbourne 他在墨尔本郊外的森林里安家
in the southern state of Victoria. 在南部的维多利亚州。
They're clumsy fliers 他们是笨手笨脚的飞行员
and spend most of their time on the ground. 大部分时间都呆在地上。
Both the males and the females are a reddish brown 雄性和雌性都是红棕色的
and have powerful legs with long toes, 有强壮的腿和长脚趾，
ideal for raking over the leaf litter and soil, 非常适合在落叶层和土壤上耙草，
looking for food, such as cockroaches, 寻找食物，比如蟑螂，
spiders and worms. 蜘蛛和蠕虫。
A male lyrebird will also use leaf litter and earth 雄性七叶树也会利用落叶和泥土
to build a display mound to dance on. 建造一个展示台在上面跳舞。
He may have over a dozen of these in his territory. 在他的地盘上可能有十几个这样的东西。
At first glance, he may seem unremarkable. 乍一看，他似乎并不起眼。
But as mating season approaches 但随着交配季节的临近
during the winter months, 在冬季，
the male reveals his amazing talents. 这只雄性展现了他惊人的才能。
(Whistles and warbles) （口哨声和颤音）
28-inch-long feathers 28英寸长的羽毛
fan out from his tail, which he drapes over his head 从尾巴上扇出，尾巴垂在头上
in a waterfall formation. 形成瀑布状。
(Squawks and whistles) （尖叫声和口哨声）
A male will start getting his display feathers 一只雄性会开始获得它的羽毛
when he's around three years old 当他三岁左右的时候
and these get gradually longer every year 而且每年都会逐渐变长
until he hits sexual maturity at around seven. 直到他七岁左右达到性成熟。
The more mature the male, the longer his tail feathers. 雄性越成熟，尾羽越长。
12 silvery fluffy feathers, bookended by two thick, 12根银色蓬松的羽毛，
banded feathers called lyrates 条纹状的羽毛被称为抒情诗
and two long, slender median feathers 纤细的，两个中间的羽毛
make for a show-stopping performance. 使演出停止。
And if that isn't enough to thrill the ladies, 如果这还不足以让女士们兴奋的话，
his song is one of the most extraordinary 他的歌是最不寻常的一首
of any creature on the planet. 地球上任何生物的生命。
(Warbles) （颤音）
(Squawks) （尖叫声）
(Whistles) （口哨声）
(Warbles) （颤音）
The lyrebird can imitate almost any sound it hears, 琴鸟几乎可以模仿它听到的任何声音，
including other birds and animals. 包括其他鸟类和动物。
Captive birds have even copied man-made sounds, 圈养的鸟甚至模仿了人造声音，
like trains, camera shutters and car alarms. 像火车，照相机百叶窗和汽车报警器。
(Squeaks) （吱吱声）
As this male lives deep in the forest, 因为这只雄性住在森林深处，
he rarely hears artificial noises 他很少听到人造噪音
and instead he's woven the calls 相反，他编织了电话
of the other birds that he hears into his own song. 他听到的其他鸟的歌声。
In all, he's included the calls of 12 other species. 他总共包括了其他12个物种的叫声。
The purpose of having such an amazing talent 拥有如此惊人的天赋的目的
for impersonation is unknown, but it's thought 因为模仿是未知的，但它是思想
that the more complex a song the male can produce, 雄性的歌越复杂，
the more attractive he is to females. 他对女人越有吸引力。
His phenomenal ability comes from a special voice box. 他的非凡能力来自一个特殊的音箱。
A bird's vocal organ is called a syrinx. 鸟的发声器官被称为口琴。
The lyrebird's is more complex than that of other 天琴座的比其他的更复杂
songbirds, which gives him extraordinary flexibility. 鸣鸟，这给了他非凡的灵活性。
He sings for 20 minutes at a time, 他每次唱20分钟，
for several hours a day, 每天几个小时，
until a female is attracted to him 直到一个女人被他吸引
and allows him to mate. 让他交配。
After copulation, he'll return to displaying, 交配后，他会回到显示状态，
to attract the next one. 吸引下一个。
There's a female nearby, but she isn't showing signs 附近有一只雌性，但她没有任何迹象
of being impressed by his performance. 对他的表演印象深刻。
And now a rival male has barged into his territory 现在一只雄性的竞争对手闯入了他的领地
and is displaying to the same female. 并向同一个女性展示。
Both female and male lyrebirds 雌雄琴鸟
are fiercely territorial, 拥有强烈的领土，
with an average territory of 平均国土面积
three to six acres. 三到六英亩。
The competition is on. 比赛开始了。
The resident male tries to chase the interloper out. 居住的雄性试图把闯入者赶出去。
But he doesn't succeed in pushing him far away. 但他没有成功地把他推到很远的地方。
And they end up displaying within feet of each other. 它们最终在彼此相距不到几英尺的地方展示出来。
It turns into a real talent show. 它变成了一场真正的才艺表演。
Finally, the resident bird manages to chase the invader 最后，这只鸟成功地追上了入侵者
out of his territory. 离开他的地盘。
But the female has seen and heard enough. 但雌性已经见多识广了。
Today, she's not interested in either of them. 今天，她对他们两个都不感兴趣。
She puts on a show of her own, 她自己表演，
with no mimicry, just her own beautiful song. 没有模仿，只有她自己美丽的歌。
Meanwhile, in the forest near Cairns, 与此同时，在凯恩斯附近的森林里，
the brush-turkey has managed to breed 灌木丛火鸡成功繁殖
and now has a clutch of up to 24 eggs 现在有多达24个鸡蛋
buried in the depths of his mound. 埋在他土堆的深处。
His little hillock is now almost three feet high, 他的小山丘现在差不多有三英尺高了，
but he's still hard at work. 但他仍然在努力工作。
He's the sole custodian of these eggs. 他是这些鸡蛋的唯一保管人。
Because the females move around 因为雌性动物到处走动
from partner to partner, it's impossible 从一个合伙人到另一个合伙人，这是不可能的
for him to know whether the eggs in his mound 让他知道自己的蛋堆里
were actually fertilized by him or another turkey. 实际上是由他或另一只火鸡受精的。
Regardless of their paternity, 不管他们的父亲是谁，
he'll tend the mound for the seven weeks it takes 他会在七个星期的时间里照顾这个土墩
to incubate the eggs. 孵卵。
The heat caused by the composting action 堆肥作用产生的热量
of the plant material will keep the eggs warm. 这种植物材料可以使鸡蛋保持温暖。
Heat sensors in his beak enable him to determine 他嘴上的热传感器使他能够确定
the temperature of the mound and he'll regulate it, 土墩的温度，他会调节温度，
by adding or removing material. 通过添加或移除材料。
He's aiming for a temperature 他的目标是体温
of between 91 and 95 degrees Fahrenheit. 华氏91到95度之间。
At 93 degrees, there will be an equal division 在93度时，会有一个相等的除法
between male and female chicks. 在雌雄小鸡之间。
If cooler, there will be more male chicks, 如果冷一点，会有更多的雄性小鸡，
if warmer, more female chicks. 如果温度较高，会有更多的雌性小鸡。
He guards the eggs until it's almost time for them to hatch 他守护着这些蛋，直到它们快要孵化了
and then it's all up to the chicks. 然后就看小鸡了。
They must dig their way out of the mound 他们必须挖出土堆
and fend for themselves immediately. 立刻自食其力。
Brush-turkey eggs and chicks are a favorite food 毛刷火鸡蛋和小鸡是最受欢迎的食物
for carnivorous lizards, snakes and wild dogs. 用于食肉蜥蜴、蛇和野狗。
And it's not just animal predators who pose a threat 造成威胁的不仅仅是动物掠食者
to the brush-turkey's successful breeding. 为了灌木丛火鸡的成功繁殖。
Rural gardens frequently back onto brush-turkey habitat 乡村花园经常回到灌木丛火鸡的栖息地
and the turkey's practice 还有火鸡的做法
of making enormous breeding mounds in people's backyards 在人们的后院建造巨大的养殖场
can lead to these precious piles of compost 会导致这些珍贵的堆肥
being destroyed. 被摧毁。
A single egg only has a one-in-200 chance 一个鸡蛋只有200分之一的机会
of making it to adulthood, so the brush-turkey's eggs 到了成年，所以刷火鸡的蛋
have still got a long way to go. 还有很长的路要走。
Just as the female brush-turkeys don't have 就像雌性毛刷火鸡没有
any involvement in incubating or rearing their young, 任何参与孵化或抚养孩子的行为，
neither do the much larger cassowaries. 大得多的砂锅也没有。
And, back on the Cassowary Coast, 回到砂锅海岸，
the female is far away from the eggs she laid this year. 母的离她今年产卵的地方很远。
With parenting being the responsibility of the male, 父母是男人的责任，
she's free to spend her time foraging. 她可以自由地花时间觅食。
These giant birds are generally very shy, 这些巨鸟一般都很害羞，
but this female lives close to a beach 但这只母的住在海滩附近
frequented by humans, which is far from ideal. 人类经常光顾，这远不是理想。
But there are some good feeding opportunities here. 但这里有一些很好的喂养机会。
These beach almonds provide a useful source of protein, 这些海滩杏仁提供了一种有用的蛋白质来源，
along with the insects she eats in the jungle. 还有她在丛林里吃的昆虫。
Next to the beach is a campsite and she's not afraid 海滩旁边是一个露营地，她不怕
to make use of the amenities here. 利用这里的便利设施。
Cassowaries need to drink frequently. 食火鸡需要经常喝酒。
Her legs have their ankle joint 她的腿有踝关节
equivalent to where humans have their knees, 相当于人类的膝盖，
so she can bend easily to reach the water. 这样她就可以很容易地弯腰到水里。
She has clearly become used to the humans here, 她显然已经习惯了这里的人类，
but this isn't a good thing. 但这不是好事。
Beachgoers are warned not to feed the cassowaries. 海滩上的游客被警告不要喂食物。
It can be dangerous for such a large animal 对这么大的动物来说可能很危险
to associate people with food. 把人和食物联系起来。
Becoming accustomed to humans 习惯于人类
can make the massive birds more aggressive. 会让大型鸟类更具攻击性。
Not only is she one of 她不仅是
the heaviest birds in the world. 世界上最重的鸟。
she's equipped with a razor-sharp, five-inch dagger 她装备了一把锋利的五英寸匕首
on her dinosaur-like inner toe, 在她恐龙般的内脚趾上，
which she can use to vicious effect. 她可以用它来达到恶果。
A high proportion of documented attacks have been 记录在案的攻击有很高的比例
perpetrated by birds who have been fed by people. 由人类喂养的鸟犯下的罪行。
Which may be what's worrying these picnickers. 这可能是让这些野餐者担心的。
Whenever cassowaries come out of the jungle 每当食火鸡从丛林里出来
in search of human food, 为了寻找人类的食物，
the greater the risk to their survival. 他们生存的风险就越大。
They're more likely to cross roads and be hit by cars. 他们更容易横穿马路被汽车撞到。
The rate at which they're the victims of road accidents 他们成为交通事故受害者的比率
is of grave concern to conservationists. 是自然资源保护主义者的严重关切。
Cassowaries are classified as an endangered species. 食火鸡被列为濒危物种。
Luckily, she gets back to the jungle safely 幸运的是，她安全地回到了丛林
to look for the more typical items in her diet, 在她的饮食中寻找更典型的食物，
insects and, crucially, fruit. 昆虫，尤其是水果。
Cassowaries are a called "a keystone species", 食火鸡被称为“关键物种”，
because of their ecological importance. 因为它们的生态重要性。
They're able to swallow fruits almost whole 它们几乎可以把水果全吞下去
and have what is known as a "gentle" digestive system, 有一个“温和”的消化系统，
meaning that the fruits are excreted 水果是排泄的意思
with the seeds still intact and flesh still on them. 种子仍然完好无损，肉还在上面。
Fruits stay in the gut for less than four hours, 水果在肠道内停留不到4小时，
but in that time the cassowary could move 但在那时候，食火鸡可以移动了
to a completely different area, 到了一个完全不同的地方，
distributing the fruit species more widely. 水果种类分布更广。
So the survival of the cassowary is vital 因此，食火鸡的生存至关重要
to the continuation of many other species. 许多其他物种的延续。
In the mild climate of the woods around Melbourne, 在墨尔本周围森林温和的气候下，
the male lyrebird is still going strong 雄性琴鸟仍然强壮
with his spectacular display. 他的精彩表演。
(Whistles) （口哨声）
(Squawks) （尖叫声）
(Warbles) （颤音）
He'll spend four hours a day singing for another six weeks 他将每天花四个小时唱歌，再持续六个星期
until the end of the breeding season, 直到繁殖季节结束，
mating with as many females as he can. 和尽可能多的雌性交配。
These birds have a division of labor 这些鸟有分工
that's found more frequently in the animal kingdom. 这在动物王国中更常见。
Unlike the cassowary, it's the female of this species 与食火鸡不同，它是这种动物的雌性
that will tend the egg and rear just one chick. 这只会照看鸡蛋，只养一只小鸡。
Although he's busy trying to attract more partners, 虽然他正忙着吸引更多的伙伴，
he's already had some success. 他已经取得了一些成功。
He's mated with this female, 他和这只雌性交配了，
who now has a very big job to do. 他现在有很大的工作要做。
She's in charge of building the nest. 她负责筑巢。
First on the list: Gather some nesting material. 首先，收集一些筑巢材料。
She collects some moss, leaf litter, pieces of fern 她收集一些苔藓，落叶，蕨类植物
and twigs until she's got enough to create a cozy nest. 直到她有足够的钱来做一个舒适的窝。
She even uses the male's feathers to line it. 她甚至用雄性的羽毛来装饰它。
It's a matter of personal preference 这是个人喜好的问题
as to where she sites her nest. 至于她在哪里筑巢。
Some females make their nests close to the ground. 有些雌性在靠近地面的地方筑巢。
Whilst others choose sites high up in the trees. 而其他人则选择树高的地方。
Ten to 14 days after mating, the female lays her egg. 交配后10到14天，雌性产卵。
She just lays one a year, unless the egg or chick dies. 她每年只产一只，除非蛋或小鸡死了。
If this happens and it's early enough in the season, 如果这种情况发生，而且在这个季节还早的话，
the female can mate again and lay another egg. 雌鸟可以再次交配并产卵。
Six weeks later, up in the cozy but dark little nest 六个星期后，在舒适但黑暗的小巢里
in the tree, her chick hatches. 在树上，她的小鸡孵化了。
Now it's Mum's job to keep her hungry hatchling 现在妈妈的工作就是让她饿着肚子孵
supplied with food until it can leave the nest. 提供食物直到它离开巢穴。
She must feed her chick every 20 minutes. 她必须每20分钟喂一次小鸡。
She spends large parts of the day gathering up grubs 她每天大部分时间都在收集幼虫
and small insects, which she carries in her throat, 还有她喉咙里的小昆虫，
ready to feed to her young when she returns to the nest. 当她回到巢里时，准备喂它的幼崽。
Because of the rigorous feeding schedule, 因为严格的喂食计划，
she will even venture out at night looking for food, 她甚至会在晚上冒险去找食物，
a time when she's most at risk from predators 她最容易受到捕食者的威胁
like foxes and cats. 像狐狸和猫。
Four weeks later, the lyrebird chick is fat, 四个星期后，莱瑞比德小鸡胖了，
fluffy and healthy. 蓬松健康。
With his nest being so high up in a tree, 他的巢在树上那么高，
his wings need time to develop, 他的翅膀需要时间来发育，
so he can fly safely out when he fledges. 这样他就可以安全地飞出去了。
He'll spend ten weeks in the nest before leaving. 他离开前要在巢里待上十个星期。
Chicks in nests closer to the ground don't need to wait 小鸡在离地面较近的巢里不需要等待
for their wings to develop as much and will leave 为了让它们的翅膀发育得一样多，它们就会离开
at around six weeks to go and live independently. 六周后独立生活。
While the female is tending to her hatchling's every need 当雌性在照顾她的幼崽的一切需要时
the male is still putting on a performance, 那只雄性还在表演，
but with a different purpose. 但目的不同。
The males molt their tail feathers 雄鸟蜕掉尾巴上的羽毛
at the end of every breeding season, 在每个繁殖季节结束时，
so he won't have his prize plumage for very much longer. 所以他不会有他的奖品羽毛很长时间。
(Whistles) （口哨声）
(Warbles) （颤音）
At this time of year, these displays are all about 每年的这个时候，这些展览都是关于
defending his territory, 保卫他的领土，
rather than attracting a mate. 而不是吸引伴侣。
Even when his tail feathers are gone, 即使他的尾羽不见了，
he'll still live in the same territory. 他还是会住在同一个地方。
He wants to keep exclusive rights to this area 他想保留这个地区的专有权
for the next breeding season. 为下一个繁殖季节。
He'll attack anyone who dares to transgress his borders. 他会攻击任何胆敢越界的人。
The other male in the tree has come uncomfortably close 树上的另一只雄性已经很不舒服地靠近了
to his patch, he may be challenging the resident male 在他的地盘上，他可能在挑战常住男性
to see if he can take over his territory. 看看他能不能接管他的地盘。
The resident male responds 住院男性回应
by making his display even more robust. 使他的表演更加有力。
But it doesn't put off the intruder, 但这并不能阻止入侵者，
who gets even closer. 更接近的人。
As things get more heated, 随着事情越来越激烈，
they move further and end up down by the nearby creek. 他们走得更远，最后到了附近的小溪边。
The resident male asserts his dominance by crowding 居住在这里的男性通过拥挤来维护自己的统治地位
and charging the trespasser, 并控告入侵者，
pushing him towards the edge of his territory. 把他推向了他的领地边缘。
Finally, he gets the rival on the run. 最后，他让对手逃跑了。
For now, his territory remains intact. 目前，他的领土仍然完好无损。
While the lyrebird is singing and dancing, 当琴鸟唱歌跳舞的时候，
the male cassowary 公食火鸡
has childcare duties to attend to. 有照顾孩子的责任。
Because, in stark contrast to the lyrebirds' arrangements, 因为，与琴鸟的安排形成鲜明对比的是，
it's the male cassowaries who make the nest, 是雄食火鸡筑巢，
incubate the eggs and look after the chicks. 孵蛋，照看小鸡。
His four chicks are already around 11 weeks old. 他的四只小鸡已经11周大了。
He'll stay with them for another six months, 他会和他们再呆六个月，
teaching them to look for food and water. 教他们寻找食物和水。
They're striped for camouflage, 他们身上有条纹伪装，
but, by six months, they'll lose their stripes 但是，六个月后，他们就会失去他们的条纹
and become a uniform mousey brown. 变成一个统一的老鼠棕色。
They won't begin to get their distinctive vivid coloring 他们不会开始得到他们独特的生动色彩
until they're around a year to 18 months old. 直到他们一岁到十八个月大。
Then the chicks will leave their dad's territory 然后小鸡们就会离开他们爸爸的地盘
to establish their own. 建立自己的。
The male lives in a forest that adjoins a house 雄性生活在一座房子旁边的森林里
and sometimes crosses the garden here, 有时穿过花园，
bringing his chicks with him. 带着他的小鸡。
While three of them are robust, 虽然他们中的三个是强壮的，
one of them seems to be weaker than the others. 其中一个似乎比其他人弱。
This little chick struggles to keep up. 这只小鸡努力跟上。
She may be sick. 她可能生病了。
Infant mortality in cassowaries is very high. 食火鸡的婴儿死亡率很高。
Predation, diseases, habitat destruction 捕食、疾病、栖息地破坏
and road accidents all claim young cassowary lives. 交通事故都夺走了年轻人的生命。
Out of these four chicks, 在这四只小鸡中，
it's likely that only one will survive to adulthood. 很可能只有一个人能活到成年。
For now, their dad takes care of their every need. 现在，他们的父亲照顾他们的一切需要。
It can be rainy and humid 可能是下雨和潮湿
in this tropical part of the country, 在这个国家的热带地区，
but, today, it's extremely hot - 86 degrees Fahrenheit. 但是，今天非常热，华氏86度。
Dad's brought his brood out here for the good foraging, 爸爸带着他的孩子来这里觅食，
but now he needs to get them out of the sun. 但现在他需要把它们从太阳底下弄出来。
When he decides to move on, 当他决定离开时，
the sickly little chick falls behind again. 生病的小鸡又落在后面了。
She may not make it to adulthood, but her father's 她也许不能成年，但她父亲的
attentive care will at least ensure 细心的照料至少能保证
she has the best chance of survival. 她活下来的机会最大。
The family crosses the road back into the forest. 一家人穿过马路回到森林里。
As they depart, 当他们离开时，
the female cassowary appears from the forest. 母食火鸡从森林中出现。
She may be the chicks' mother, 她可能是小鸡的妈妈，
but she's free of parental obligation. 但她没有做父母的义务。
She helps herself to a drink. 她喝了一杯。
Even though there's a chance 即使有机会
she may run into her ex-partner and chicks, 她可能会碰到她的前伴侣和小妞，
she won't take any interest in their welfare. 她对他们的福利不感兴趣。
From the tropical north. 来自热带的北方。
to the temperate south, 在温带的南方，
Australia's birds are some of the world's 澳大利亚的鸟是世界上的一些鸟
most singular and exotic. 最奇异和异国情调。
At every stage of the breeding season, 在繁殖季节的每个阶段，
they're hard at work. 他们工作很努力。
The strenuous job of attracting a mate. 吸引配偶的艰苦工作。
defending a territory. 保卫领土。
building a nest. 筑巢。
and tending to vulnerable chicks. 照顾脆弱的小鸡。
are all fraught with danger and difficulty. 都充满了危险和困难。
These vibrant, talented 这些充满活力，有才华的
and eccentric birds. 还有古怪的鸟。
all adopt their own breeding tactics 都采用自己的繁殖策略
to get the next generation safely on its way. 让下一代安全上路。